6.2 Using PostScript and DviPS 

Even if you plan to have your files professionally typeset,⁴ you should make proofs on a local printer. If you do not have a PostScript printer, you can use Ghostscript, a public domain PostScript interpreter, to print your PostScript files on an arbitrary printer. Ghostscript can also `print' to the screen (see Subsections 6.2.6 and 6.2.5).

PostScript support for TeX is provided by DviPS, written by T. Rokicki. This program generates PostScript output from a .dvi file, and offers mechanisms to include PostScript graphics in a TeX document and to use scalable PostScript fonts.

We shall first explain how you can make use of PostScript graphics and PostScript fonts in your documents; then we describe the command line interface and configuration of DviPS.

6.2.1 Including PostScript graphics 

Encapsulated PostScript (file type .eps) is a restricted PostScript format suitable for inclusion in other PostScript files, and is widely used as a graphics file format. Many word-processing and DTP programs support .eps graphics for a PostScript target printer simply by passing the code on to the printer, without trying to interpret it themselves. DviPS basically follows the same approach. DviScr won't display a .eps graphic; but you can run DviPS and then use Ghostscript or GSview for previewing the PostScript file. As can be seen in Section 6.6, Ghostscript can be selected as a viewer type within 4TeX.

If you want to include a .eps graphic, you'll need a macro package. Section 7.4.5 describes how to use the style files psfig and figures. An alternative is epsf, which is from the same author as DviPS. LaTeX users can include epsf as a `package', e.g.,

\documentclass{report}  \usepackage{epsf}

In general TeX users can place a statement

\input epsf

somewhere early in their TeX file.

To include a graphic file picture.eps at its `natural' size, at the current position, use a statement⁵

\epsfbox{picture.eps}

You can also scale the picture:

\epsfxsize=2in\epsfysize=1.5in\epsfbox{picture.eps}

\epsfxsize sets the width, \epsfysize the height. If you specify only one dimension, then the other dimension will be computed automatically, preserving the original aspect ratio.

The DviPS manual describes additional scaling options. Other topics not covered here include PostScript header files and color support.

LaTeX users are advised to use the graphics or the graphicx package to include any kind of graphic picture. Here is some sample code:

\documentclass{article}  \usepackage{graphicx}  \begin{document}    \includegraphics[width=50mm]{mypict.eps}    \end{document}

See the documentation on these packages for more details.

6.2.2 PostScript fonts 

Another attraction of PostScript printers is that it gives you access to Adobe Type 1 scalable fonts. These fonts can be scaled to any size: different sizes don't need to be loaded separately.⁶ Mostly, you'll make use of the set of 35 internal scalable fonts,⁷ but there is also a huge collection available of external fonts, both commercial and public domain that can be used if you want to give your documents a more individual touch. You can use these fonts side-by-side with the bitmapped TeX font libraries.

LaTeX users have a very easy job of accessing internal PostScript fonts in their documents: they only need to specify the appropriate font package. E.g., specifying:

\documentclass{report}  \usepackage[times]{psnfss}

In this case it can be written even simpler:

\documentclass{report}  \usepackage{times}

This will cause your document to be typeset in Times fonts. Note that text in math mode won't be affected by this package. Other ready-made styles for PostScript fonts include palatino for Palatino and many others; browse the ?:\emtex\latex\psnfss directory for other font options. Another interesting option is mathptm. It works like the Times options, but it also attemps to replace all Computer Modern fonts used in mathematics by Times and other PostScript fonts.

If you use plain TeX, or if you want to use external fonts, you'll have define fonts yourself. First, consult the file c:\texfiles\4system\psfonts.map for a list of available fonts. A typical entry for a resident font may look like

* DVIPS style:  rpagk AvantGarde-Book  * PSNFSS style:  pagk8r AvantGarde-Book "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont " <8r.enc

AvantGarde-Book indicates the normal non-italic non-bold `weight' of ITC AvantGarde. Note the initial r in rpagk, which stands for `raw' as opposed to `cooked'. These terms will be explained later on. An entry for a non-resident or external font named Optima might look like

rpopr Optima <popr.pfb

Note that there is a single space between the font name and the `<' sign. There should be no spaces between the `<' sign and the font file name.

In your TeX file you make AvantGarde-Book available at a point size of, say, 20pt, with a line

\font\avantgarde=pagk8r at 20pt

Note that here the initial r is not used. This line will allow you to use AvantGarde at 20 points with, e.g.,

{\avantgarde This line is typeset in AvantGarde at 20 points}

Similarly for Optima; here you shouldn't use an initial r either.

The low-down on PostScript fonts

The use of PostScript fonts requires three or four pieces of information, depending on whether it is an internal or an external font:

• For an external font, the font description itself. In the second example, this would be the file popr.pfb from the Optima entry in psfonts.map. Ex- ternal fonts are stored as outlines called `Postscript Font Binary' (PFB) or `Postscript Font Ascii' (PFA). PFB's and PFA's contain identical informa- tion in binary (ascii 0-255) or ascii (ascii 32-127) format. PFB can be trans- lated into PFA and vice versa by PostScript utility programs. DviPS en- sures that these files are downloaded to the printer,⁸ which will scale the fonts as needed.
• The font metrics. This would be the file rpagk.tfm for ITC Avant Garde and rpopr.tfm for the external Optima font. Note the initial r. This file is a direct conversion of the original .afm font metric file, which came with the font. With these font metrics, the font is considered `raw'. Conversion from .afm to .tfm can be performed by two program: FontInst and Afm2Tfm. The first is a TeX program that usually gives better results than the latter. Afm2Tfm runs much faster and is suitable for a quick and almost perfect installation. See Section 4.13 and 4.14 for more details.
• The catch: a mapping between the Adobe and the TeX character encoding. In the above examples, these are the files pagk.vf and popr.vf (vf for virtual font). Without this mapping, ordinary characters would come out as expected, but special characters such as ligatures and accented letters might not.
• The font metric file of the remapped font: pagk.tfm and popr.tfm respectively. This file will be read by the TeX compiler. With this metric and the above remapping, the font is considered `cooked' and digestible.

If you have Type 1 fonts of your own that you want to use in a TeX document, the on-line documentation of DviPS will tell you how to generate the required .tfm and .vf files. The documentation can be found in the directory ?:\emtex\doc\programs.

6.2.3 DviPS command line 

The syntax of DviPS is

Calling the program without options or parameters produces a brief summary of its syntax.

The principal options are

• output to file or device x; default is <input file>.ps for <input file>.dvi
• resolution; this information is required for bitmapped fonts, e.g., the Computer Modern family, and for bitmapped graphics.
• paper format s
• No automatic font generation
• start `printing' at page #
• stop `printing' after page #
• Conserve memory. Useful on PC's with a limited amount of memory, usually not needed when using DviPS32.

• dvips32 -D 300 -t a4 -M mytext

Note that the syntax does not conform to emTeX conventions.

Options can also be entered via the environment variable POST_OPTION. 4TeX uses

• set POST_OPTION=-D 300 -t a4 -M

• dvips32 mytext

6.2.4 DviPS configuration 

Most configuration is done in config.ps in the PS subdirectory of the TeX directory. This file contains several paths, among other things. If DviPS appears unable to find fonts, the real reason may be that it can't find this configuration file. Try setting the environment variable TEXCONFIG to the directory of config.ps :

• set TEXCONFIG=?:\emtex\ps

6.2.5 Ghostscript as printer and viewer 

The syntax of Ghostscript is as follows:

Available devicenames are:

Most frequently used switches are: (you can use `#' in stead of `=')

For more information, see the file ?:\emtex\utils\gstools\gs\use.doc.

To print on a laserjet printer the file book.ps one can use the command:
gs[386] -sDEVICE=ljet3 -dNOPAUSE -sOUTPUTFILE=LPT1 4texdoc.ps quit.ps

6.2.6 Ghostscript as previewer 

Ghostscript can be used as previewer under MS-Dos or under MS-Windows 95 or NT. In the latter case 4TeX uses the program 32 bits Windows program GSview.

When using Ghostscript as previewer under MS-Dos 4TeX will load an extra PostScript program called ps_view.ps, written by written by P. Pianowski and B. Jackowski, and extended by the authors of 4TeX. This file will enables several keys that make it easy to browse through a PostScript file.

The following keys can be used:

You can set the magnification factor by typing a number and then pressing [M] and [Enter]
You can go to a specified page by typing the number of that page and then pressing [F4]
You can set the shift factor by typing a number and then pressing [S] and [Enter]
You can shift the picture by typing the horizontal shift, a space, the vertical shift and then pressing [Tab]
You can rotate a page by typing the rotating agle (abs(STEP)*90) and then typing [R][O] and [Enter].

Note: These keys only work correctly if the the PostScript file contains the standard page markup comments.

When running 4TeX on Windows 95 or NT 4TeX can start GSview, a true 32 bits Windows program, as a previewer. This program explains itself quite well, so we will not discuss it here in detail. Note, however, that unlike any other previewer, [PgUp] and [PgDn] do not work as you would expect. Click on the [-] and [+] Windows buttons instead.

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